Ubwihindurize ninyungu zinyubako zububiko
Mubyerekeranye nubwubatsi, inyubako zicyuma zahindutse igisubizo cyimpinduramatwara kuramba, guhinduka no kuramba.Nimbaraga zabo ntagereranywa no guhuza byinshi, izi nzego zahinduye uburyo twubaka.Muri iyi blog, turareba byimbitse ihindagurika ryinyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma, ibyiza byabo byinshi, nuburyo zishobora guhindura ejo hazaza h'ubwubatsi.
Amateka yinyubako yububiko
Kubaka ibyuma byubatswe kuva mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19.Iterambere rya tekinoroji yo mu rwego rwo hejuru ikora ibyuma byafashaga gukora cyane ibyuma, byahinduye inganda zubaka.Ikoreshwa rya mbere rikoreshwa mu gukora ibyuma ryatangiye mu ishuri rya Chicago mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1800, igihe umwubatsi William Le Baron Jenney yateguraga uburyo bwo gukoresha amakaramu y'ibyuma kugira ngo ashyigikire ikirere.Kuva icyo gihe, imikoreshereze y'ibyuma yagutse igera ku bwoko butandukanye bw'inyubako, harimo amazu yo guturamo, ubucuruzi, n'inganda.
Ibyiza byamazu yububiko
1. Imbaraga zisumba izindi kandi ziramba:
Azwiho kuba afite imbaraga zingana n’ibiro, ibyuma biraramba cyane kandi birashobora guhangana nikirere gikabije, umutingito numuriro.Izi mbaraga zidasanzwe zituma ahantu hanini hafunguye bidakenewe gukenera ibiti cyangwa inkingi birenze urugero, bikora igishushanyo cyoroshye kandi gihuza n'imiterere.
2. Kongera igishushanyo mbonera:
Imbaraga zidasanzwe hamwe nuburyo bwinshi bwo gukora ibyuma bitanga abubatsi naba injeniyeri umudendezo wo gushyira mubikorwa bidasanzwe, bihanga.Sisitemu yimiterere irashobora guhuzwa nibisabwa byumushinga, bikemerera imiterere yimbere yimbere hamwe no guhuza hamwe nibindi bikoresho.
3. Kwihuta byihuse:
Inyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma zakozwe mbere, bivuze ko ibice byahimbwe hanze hanyuma bigateranirizwa kurubuga.Inzira igabanya cyane igihe cyubwubatsi, ikaba nziza kumishinga isaba umuvuduko utabangamiye ubuziranenge.
4. Ibisubizo birambye:
Icyuma nikimwe mubikoresho bitunganyirizwa cyane kwisi, bigatuma inyubako zicyuma zihitamo ibidukikije.Gusubiramo ibyuma bigabanya ibikenerwa bishya kandi bigabanya imyanda.Byongeye kandi, ibyuma byubaka ibyuma birashobora gusenywa byoroshye no kongera kubakwa ahandi, bikongerera ubuzima bwingirakamaro no kugabanya ingaruka zidukikije muri rusange.
Ejo hazaza h'inyubako zubatswe
Inyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma ziteguye guhindura ejo hazaza hubatswe kubera ibyiza byinshi hamwe nikoranabuhanga rigenda ryiyongera.Kwinjiza porogaramu igezweho yo kubara, nko Kubaka Amakuru Yerekana Model (BIM), itanga igishushanyo mbonera kandi ikanoza imikorere mugihe cyubwubatsi.Ikoranabuhanga rifasha abubatsi naba injeniyeri guhitamo gukoresha ibyuma, kugabanya imyanda yibiciro nibiciro.
Byongeye kandi, iterambere mu guhimba ibyuma nubuhanga bwubwubatsi bikomeje kunoza ubwiza, imbaraga, no kuramba kwinyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma.Udushya nko gutwikira ikirere, kongera igishushanyo mbonera cy’imitingito, hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ririnda umuriro byongereye imbaraga imikorere n’umutekano by’izi nzego.
Inyubako zibyuma byahinduye inganda zubaka, zitanga imbaraga zidasanzwe, guhinduka no kuramba.Ubwihindurize bwamateka yo gukora ibyuma nibyiza byinshi bituma iba igisubizo kizaza kubwinyubako zigezweho.Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, nta gushidikanya ko inyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma zizarushaho gukora neza, zirambye kandi zihuze.Hamwe n'amasezerano yayo yo kuramba, umuvuduko nubwisanzure bwuburanga, inyubako zicyuma ntagushidikanya zizasiga ikimenyetso simusiga kumiterere yubwubatsi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-29-2023