Kubaka ibyuma ni inyubako nshya yubatswe ikozwe mubyuma.Uburyo bwo gutwara imizigo busanzwe bugizwe nibiti, inkingi, trusses nibindi bice bikozwe mubice byicyuma nicyuma.C igice na Z igice cya purlins nkumuhuza wabafasha, ushyizweho na bolts cyangwa gusudira, kandi igisenge nurukuta ruzengurutswe nimpapuro zamabara cyangwa paneli ya sandwich, ikora inyubako ihuriweho.
Inyubako nyinshi zubakishijwe beto zisimburwa ninyubako zubaka ibyuma, niki cyatumye abantu bafata iki cyemezo?
Ubu ni bumwe muburyo bwiza bwubatswe kubera ubushobozi bwabwo bwo kwihanganira imitwaro iremereye, Nkigisubizo, inyubako yimiterere yicyuma irashobora gukoreshwa mubikorwa bitandukanye, ntabwo ari inyubako gusa.Birashobora kandi gukoreshwa mukubaka ibiraro nibindi bikorwa remezo nkibibuga byindege ninganda zinganda.
Ingano zitandukanye z'ibyuma byinjijwe mu nyubako y'ibyuma kandi ibyo birashobora kuza muburyo bukonje cyangwa bishyushye.
Imbaraga nyinshi
Nubwo ubwinshi bwibyuma ari binini, imbaraga zayo ziri hejuru cyane.Ugereranije nibindi bikoresho byubaka, ikigereranyo cyubwinshi bwumusaruro wibyuma nicyo gito.
Umucyo
Umubare wibyuma bikoreshwa mubyubatswe byubatswe mubyubatswe nyamukuru mubusanzwe bingana na 25kg / - 80kg kuri metero kare, kandi uburemere bwamabara yamabati yamashanyarazi ari munsi ya 10kg.Uburemere bwinyubako yububiko ubwabwo ni 1 / 8-1 / 3 gusa byubatswe, bishobora kugabanya cyane ikiguzi cyishingiro.
Umutekano kandi wizewe
Ibikoresho byibyuma birasa, isotropic, hamwe na modulus nini ya elastike, plastike nziza nubukomere.Kubara inyubako zubaka ibyuma nukuri kandi byizewe.
Yashizweho
Inyubako zubakishijwe ibyuma zikorerwa mumahugurwa yinganda hanyuma zoherezwa ahazashyirwaho, zirashobora kugabanya cyane igihe cyubwubatsi no kuzamura inyungu zubukungu.
Ingano nini yo gusaba
inyubako zubaka ibyuma bikwiranye nubwubatsi bwose bwinganda, inyubako yubucuruzi, inyubako yubuhinzi, inyubako ndende, nibindi.
1.Imiterere yimiterere
Ikadiri ya portal nuburyo busanzwe bwububiko bwibyuma byoroheje, bigizwe na H gusudira igice cyicyuma cyinkingi hamwe nigiti. Ifite ibiranga imiterere yoroshye, umwanya munini, woroshye, ubwubatsi bworoshye kandi bwihuse. Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mubyuma ububiko, amahugurwa yububiko bwibyuma, ububiko bwububiko, kwemerera gukora neza crane nimashini imbere.
2.Imiterere yikadiri
Imiterere yicyuma igizwe nibyuma byinkingi hamwe ninkingi zishobora kwihanganira imitwaro ihagaritse kandi itambitse.Inkingi, imirishyo, gutondekanya, hamwe nabandi banyamuryango bahujwe cyane cyangwa bifatanye kugirango bahindure imiterere ihindagurika kandi barema umwanya munini.Ikoreshwa cyane mumazu yamagorofa menshi, ahirengeye, na super-etage ndende, inyubako yibiro byubucuruzi, inzu ya prefab, ibigo byinama, nizindi nyubako.
3. Imiterere ya Steel Truss
4. Imiterere ya Gride
Igishushanyo nogushushanya bikorwa naba injeniyeri bacu babigize umwuga.Umukiriya akeneye kutubwira amakuru arambuye nibisabwa, noneho tuzatanga igisubizo cyumutekano mubukungu n'ubuhanga bwacu.
Inyubako yububiko bwibyuma igizwe nibice bitandukanye.Dore ibyingenzi byingenzi byerekana ibyuma:
Urufatiro
Kugirango ushyigikire ikadiri yicyuma, hagomba kubaho urufatiro rukomeye.Ubwoko bw'ifatizo buzakoreshwa bizaterwa n'ubushobozi bwo gufata ubutaka.
Muri rusange, urufatiro rukomeye rushyirwa mu bikorwa ku mfatiro zifite uburinganire bwubutaka bumwe kandi bufite ubushobozi bunini bwo gutwara.Kugirango umenye neza muri rusange urufatiro, rusanzwe rukoreshwa nimirasire yubutaka;
Inkingi
Urufatiro rumaze gushyirwaho, inkingi zicyuma zizashyirwa ubutaha.Inkingi z'ibyuma zateguwe mu ruganda kandi zijyanwa ahazubakwa.Iyo zashyizweho, hagomba kubaho isano ikomeye hagati yinkingi na fondasiyo.Ku iherezo ryinkingi, kare cyangwa urukiramende rufite isahani fatizo ikoreshwa kugirango ishimangire isano ryayo.Iyi shusho irakunzwe cyane kuko itanga umwanya uhagije kandi uringaniye kuri bolts.
Amashanyarazi
Ibiti by'ibyuma bikoreshwa muburyo bwubaka inkuru.Imirasire yishingikiriza kumutwaro woherejwe hejuru yinzu hejuru yinkingi.Urwego rw'icyuma ruri hagati ya 3m na 9m ariko rushobora kujya hejuru ya 18m kuburebure kandi bwagutse.
Ibiti by'ibyuma bisaba guhuza kuva kumurongo kugera kumurongo kimwe no kumurika.Ukurikije ubwoko bwimitwaro izaterwa, hariho amasano atandukanye kugirango inkingi ibe.Niba ingingo zifata imitwaro ihagaritse, ubwoko bworoshye bwo guhuza burahagije.Ibyo birashobora kubamo gukoresha ikoreshwa ryimpande ebyiri cyangwa isahani yanyuma.Ariko kumitwaro ihagaritse nayo irimo imbaraga za torsion, sisitemu igoye ihuriweho ikoresha uburebure bwuzuye bwa plaque ihuza igomba gukoreshwa.
Sisitemu Igorofa
Irashobora gushyirwaho mugihe kimwe no gushiraho ibiti.Sisitemu yo hasi nayo ifasha mugushyigikira imiterere ihagaritse umutwaro.Ariko, barashobora kandi kwihanganira bimwe mubituruka kumitwaro yinyuma bifashishije imirongo.Bumwe muburyo busanzwe bwa sisitemu yo hasi ikoreshwa mubyuma ni ibyuma na Slimflor.Birashobora kwinjizwamo nibikoresho byinshi.
Gushyira hamwe no Kwambika
Gushyira hamwe bifasha gutandukanya imbaraga zuruhande.Iyimura kandi bimwe mubitwaro byuruhande bivuye mumiterere kugeza kumurongo.Inkingi izahita iyimurira kuri fondasiyo.
Kwambika, hari ubwoko butandukanye bwibikoresho byo guhitamo bitewe nuburyo ba nyiri inyubako bashaka ko bisa.Urupapuro rwambarwa rusanzwe rukoreshwa kuko rushobora gushyirwaho byoroshye kandi rufite inganda zaho.Itanga kandi uburinzi buhagije imbere yimiterere.Kubumba amatafari birashobora kuba inzira nziza nayo.Ifite uburyo bwiza bwo gukumira bushobora guhindura ubushyuhe mu cyi.
Uburyo bwo guhuza kubaka ibyuma byubaka.
1. Gusudira
Ibyiza:
Guhuza cyane n'imiterere ya geometrike;imiterere yoroshye;imikorere yikora idacogoye igice cyambukiranya;umwuka mwiza wo guhuza no gukomera kurwego rwo hejuru
Ibibi:
Ibisabwa cyane kubikoresho;zone yibasiwe nubushyuhe, biroroshye gutera ihinduka ryibintu byaho;gusudira impungenge zisigaye hamwe no guhindura ibintu bisigaye bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gutwara abanyamuryango ba compression;imiterere yo gusudira yunvikana cyane kumeneka;ubushyuhe buke n'ubukonje bukabije biragaragara cyane
2. Kuzunguruka
Ibyiza:
Imbaraga zizewe zohereza, gukomera kwiza na plastike, kugenzura ubuziranenge bworoshye, kwihanganira imitwaro myiza
Ibibi:
Imiterere igoye, ibyuma bihenze nakazi
3. Ihuza risanzwe rya bolt
Ibyiza:
Gupakira no gupakurura byoroshye, ibikoresho byoroshye
Ibibi:
Iyo ibisobanuro bya bolt biri hasi, ntibikwiye gukemurwa;iyo bolt isobanutse neza, gutunganya no kuyishyiraho biragoye kandi igiciro kiri hejuru
4. Guhuza imbaraga nyinshi
